CONTEXT
Politics:
City States: Italy is a collection of powerful city states ruled by oligarches or despots over a variety of political structures
which were rife with internal conflicts and instability. Constantinople is captured by Crusaders in 1204 which results in an influx of Byzantine artists into Italy, especially Siena. Maniera Greca is the term used for the “eastern” (Greek) style.
Religion:
Cult of the Virgin is expressed in many paintings of the Madonna Enthroned (the Queen of Heaven) St. Francis c. 1220 - a “contemporary Jesus”, establishes preaching order and was made a saint in 1228.
ARTWORKS
63. Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, including Lamentation
64. Golden Haggadah
* Madonna Enthroned, Cimabue
* Madonna Enthroned, Giotto
* Virgin and Child Enthroned, Duccio
Politics:
City States: Italy is a collection of powerful city states ruled by oligarches or despots over a variety of political structures
which were rife with internal conflicts and instability. Constantinople is captured by Crusaders in 1204 which results in an influx of Byzantine artists into Italy, especially Siena. Maniera Greca is the term used for the “eastern” (Greek) style.
Religion:
Cult of the Virgin is expressed in many paintings of the Madonna Enthroned (the Queen of Heaven) St. Francis c. 1220 - a “contemporary Jesus”, establishes preaching order and was made a saint in 1228.
ARTWORKS
63. Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, including Lamentation
64. Golden Haggadah
* Madonna Enthroned, Cimabue
* Madonna Enthroned, Giotto
* Virgin and Child Enthroned, Duccio
Basic definition of painting: capturing illusionary form, space, and light on a flat surface
Ways of creating Illusionary FORM:
1. modeling
2. foreshortening
3. chiaroscuro
4. defnition
Ways of creating Illusionary SPACE:
1. size of objects
2. diagonals in composition
3. overlapping of forms
4. position of objects up the picture plane
5. atmospheric perspective / detail / intensity
6. cast shadows on the ground
Painting MEDIA:
Egg Tempera on wood panel
gesso
linen
terra vert
gold leaf
punchwork
under painting
bole
gilding
Fresco Technique on plastered wall
arriccio
sinopia
intonaco
lime
giornata
sinopie
egg white
fresco secco
Ways of creating Illusionary FORM:
1. modeling
2. foreshortening
3. chiaroscuro
4. defnition
Ways of creating Illusionary SPACE:
1. size of objects
2. diagonals in composition
3. overlapping of forms
4. position of objects up the picture plane
5. atmospheric perspective / detail / intensity
6. cast shadows on the ground
Painting MEDIA:
Egg Tempera on wood panel
gesso
linen
terra vert
gold leaf
punchwork
under painting
bole
gilding
Fresco Technique on plastered wall
arriccio
sinopia
intonaco
lime
giornata
sinopie
egg white
fresco secco
GIOTTO - 1266-1337
Why Giotto is so important to European painting:
1. The visible world is the source of knowledge of nature.
2. Giotto stressed the preeminence of the faculty of sight in gaining knowledge of the world.
3. Outward vision replaces inward vision that characterized earlier painting.
4. Giotto pictured ONE event in the picture plane with emotional and dramatic intensity.
Characteristics of Giotto’s painting style:
1. Constructs a limited but believable environment (space) for his figures.
2. Giotto abandons frontal, centralized compositions for dramatic compositions.
3. Giotto focuses on a single event of drama and emotion, evoking a single, intense response.
4. The emphasis is on the foreground space using figures with their backs turned to the viewer.
5. Giotto stresses the essentials of a dramatic scene, ignoring the extraneous and distracting.
Pictorial strategies used by Giotto::
Illusionary FORM:
Modeling
Limited foreshortening
Illusionary SPACE:
Overlapping
Use of diagonals
Position on the picture plane
Limited use of size relationships
VOCABULARY:
diptych
triptych
polydiptych
predella panel
Humanism
Cult of the Virgin (expressed in painting as) “Madonna Enthroned”
Assignments:
Add the Artworks listed to your flash cards, research painting media and fresco techniques, and familiarize yourself with context of this period, i.e. politics and religion. View Power Point 14th century Italian Art, and do Discussion Question at the end of the Power Point. Finally familiarize yourself with Giotto and his work. Read Chapter 19 in Gardener's..
Why Giotto is so important to European painting:
1. The visible world is the source of knowledge of nature.
2. Giotto stressed the preeminence of the faculty of sight in gaining knowledge of the world.
3. Outward vision replaces inward vision that characterized earlier painting.
4. Giotto pictured ONE event in the picture plane with emotional and dramatic intensity.
Characteristics of Giotto’s painting style:
1. Constructs a limited but believable environment (space) for his figures.
2. Giotto abandons frontal, centralized compositions for dramatic compositions.
3. Giotto focuses on a single event of drama and emotion, evoking a single, intense response.
4. The emphasis is on the foreground space using figures with their backs turned to the viewer.
5. Giotto stresses the essentials of a dramatic scene, ignoring the extraneous and distracting.
Pictorial strategies used by Giotto::
Illusionary FORM:
Modeling
Limited foreshortening
Illusionary SPACE:
Overlapping
Use of diagonals
Position on the picture plane
Limited use of size relationships
VOCABULARY:
diptych
triptych
polydiptych
predella panel
Humanism
Cult of the Virgin (expressed in painting as) “Madonna Enthroned”
Assignments:
Add the Artworks listed to your flash cards, research painting media and fresco techniques, and familiarize yourself with context of this period, i.e. politics and religion. View Power Point 14th century Italian Art, and do Discussion Question at the end of the Power Point. Finally familiarize yourself with Giotto and his work. Read Chapter 19 in Gardener's..
This website is based upon work supported by:
Dr. Robert Croad for workshops, resources and time -
Marsha Russell for your generosity in sharing materials and knowledge -
and to Valerie Park for your AP Art History web site that this website is based upon.
Dr. Robert Croad for workshops, resources and time -
Marsha Russell for your generosity in sharing materials and knowledge -
and to Valerie Park for your AP Art History web site that this website is based upon.