|
|
CONTENT: What do you see?
FORM: The details (what you see more exactly). How the artist delivers the content.
CONTEXT: Everything NOT observable.
FUNCTION: The intended purpose of the work.
ETRUSCAN (and ROMAN ART)
Etruscan (800 - 500 BCE the same as Archaic Greece)
Early Empire (27 CE - 96 CE)
High Empire (96 CE - 192 CE)
Late Empire (193 CE - 237 CE)
Contributions to architecture by the Romans:
1. Building for use - addressing the practical problems of everyday city life
- a shift from religious buildings to civil engineering projects
2. Developing the arch and vault as a structural principle
- increase in scale of made building exterior and interiors made possible
3. Emphasis on verticality made possible by the use of concrete
- new height of buildings and multi-use facilities
4. Design of significant interiors-greater variety and complexity of forms
- Romans treated space and light as tangible realities
CONTEXT
The art and of Etruria (Etruscan) and Rome is grounded in civic ideals and polytheism. Etruscan and Roman artists and
architects accumulated and adopted Greek objects and their tastes for eclecticism and historicism (social and cultural phenomena determined by history). Etruscan art (700 - 100 BCE, Eturia) and ancient Roman art, was produced in Europe and Western Asia from 753 - 337 BCE. Archeological models and artworks are identified by periods based on stylistic changes and assigned to periods according to styles, governments, or dynasties (the Roman Republic). Etruscan art is considered as a single culture (not the separate city -states Etruria was made up of). Roman art includes art from the republican, early imperial, late imperial, and late antique periods, using governmental structures and dynasties rather than stylistic characteristics . Etruscan and Roman artists and architects were influenced by early Mediterranean cultures. Art from Etruscan and Roman periods is typified by stylistic and iconographical eclecticism and portraiture, expresses republican and imperial values, power, and a preference for conspicuous display. Etruscan and Roman architecture are characterized by investment in public structures and Roman architecture borrowed from the Greeks and Etruscans, and by technical innovation. Roman art provides the foundation for the later development of European and Mediterranean artistic traditions. Europeans and Americans admired ancient Roman ethical and governmental systems, which contributed to prioritizing art and architecture associated with political elites and cultural capitals (Rome). Etruscan and Roman cultures had a tradition of epic storytelling that glorified the exploits of gods, goddesses, and heroes. They had a highly developed rhetorical tradition that prized public oratory and poetry. Religious rituals and future predictions were guided by oral traditions, not texts.
FORM: The details (what you see more exactly). How the artist delivers the content.
CONTEXT: Everything NOT observable.
FUNCTION: The intended purpose of the work.
ETRUSCAN (and ROMAN ART)
Etruscan (800 - 500 BCE the same as Archaic Greece)
Early Empire (27 CE - 96 CE)
High Empire (96 CE - 192 CE)
Late Empire (193 CE - 237 CE)
Contributions to architecture by the Romans:
1. Building for use - addressing the practical problems of everyday city life
- a shift from religious buildings to civil engineering projects
2. Developing the arch and vault as a structural principle
- increase in scale of made building exterior and interiors made possible
3. Emphasis on verticality made possible by the use of concrete
- new height of buildings and multi-use facilities
4. Design of significant interiors-greater variety and complexity of forms
- Romans treated space and light as tangible realities
CONTEXT
The art and of Etruria (Etruscan) and Rome is grounded in civic ideals and polytheism. Etruscan and Roman artists and
architects accumulated and adopted Greek objects and their tastes for eclecticism and historicism (social and cultural phenomena determined by history). Etruscan art (700 - 100 BCE, Eturia) and ancient Roman art, was produced in Europe and Western Asia from 753 - 337 BCE. Archeological models and artworks are identified by periods based on stylistic changes and assigned to periods according to styles, governments, or dynasties (the Roman Republic). Etruscan art is considered as a single culture (not the separate city -states Etruria was made up of). Roman art includes art from the republican, early imperial, late imperial, and late antique periods, using governmental structures and dynasties rather than stylistic characteristics . Etruscan and Roman artists and architects were influenced by early Mediterranean cultures. Art from Etruscan and Roman periods is typified by stylistic and iconographical eclecticism and portraiture, expresses republican and imperial values, power, and a preference for conspicuous display. Etruscan and Roman architecture are characterized by investment in public structures and Roman architecture borrowed from the Greeks and Etruscans, and by technical innovation. Roman art provides the foundation for the later development of European and Mediterranean artistic traditions. Europeans and Americans admired ancient Roman ethical and governmental systems, which contributed to prioritizing art and architecture associated with political elites and cultural capitals (Rome). Etruscan and Roman cultures had a tradition of epic storytelling that glorified the exploits of gods, goddesses, and heroes. They had a highly developed rhetorical tradition that prized public oratory and poetry. Religious rituals and future predictions were guided by oral traditions, not texts.
KEY IDEAS
- From the Tuscany area of Northern Italy before the Romans. Once the Romans gained significant power, the Etruscans were assimilated into the Roman Empire and eventually given Roman citizenship.
- Influenced by the Archaic time period of the Greeks but avoid nudity.
- What we know of the Etruscans is from their tombs (tumuli) which are part of larger necropoli.
- Tumuli are round structures with a door leading to an interior that is brightly painted to reflect a domestic space.
- Death is focused on the celebration of life.
- Literary tradition is mostly lost. Vitruvius, an ancient historian wrote about the Etruscans' history.
- Temples are built of mud brick and stone, unlike the Greeks.
- Sculptures are created out of terra-cotta, stucco, and bronze.
ARTWORKS
ETRUSCAN: 31. Temple of Minerva 31. Apollo from Veii 32. Tomb of the Triclinium (Tomb of the Leopards) 29. Sarcophagus of the Spouses Additional Images: Capitoline Wolf The Orator But how can I tell Greek Temples from Etruscan?
Greek Temples Colonnade: Around entire perimeter. Steps: Three steps around perimeter Porch: In front of, and behind, the cella. Podium: Small, consisting of three steps. Cella: One room. Pediment: Closed and decorated with sculpture. Sculpture: In pediments, metopes, and frieze. |
VOCABULARY: necropolis tumulus portico terra cotta sarcophagus pseudo peripteral temples
Etruscan Temples Colonnade: Columns only in front. Steps: Steps only in front. Porch: Only in front of the cella. Podium: Tall, with steps only in front. Cella: Three rooms. Pediment: Open and not decorated. Sculpture: On the roof. |
Assignments:
Complete study guide, and finally add the Artworks listed to your flash cards. All due by next Friday, October 11, 2019. READINGS: Gardner's Art through the Ages, Chapter 9, pages 233 - 245
This website is based upon work supported by:
Dr. Robert Croad for workshops, resources and time -
Marsha Russell for your generosity in sharing materials and knowledge -
and to Valerie Park for your AP Art History web site that this website is based upon.
Dr. Robert Croad for workshops, resources and time -
Marsha Russell for your generosity in sharing materials and knowledge -
and to Valerie Park for your AP Art History web site that this website is based upon.